Injection needle is a type of hollow needle—a thin, hollow medical device—that is typically used in conjunction with a syringe to inject medications or liquids into the subcutaneous tissue or to withdraw fluids from the body.

Bipolar forceps are a type of medical surgical instrument primarily used for precise hemostasis and tissue electrocautery. Their name comes from the "bipolar" aspect—during operation, the current flows only between its two tips, without forming a circuit through other parts of the patient's body (unlike traditional monopolar electrosurgical instruments). They are widely used in microsurgery and delicate procedures.

The choice of a surgical blade directly impacts surgical outcomes, yet it is challenging due to variations in type, size, and shape. Different blades are designed for specific tissue and incision needs, requiring a comprehensive evaluation of their sharpness, material, and compatibility with the scalpel handle. Additionally, factors such as patient variability, surgeon preference, sterility requirements, and cost considerations must be balanced. As a core surgical tool, the precise selection of a surgical blade is critical for cutting efficiency and surgical safety.

Surgical sutures are special medical threads used to sew wounds. They maintain the apposition of wound edges by exerting tension until healing is complete and help reduce the risk of infection. Surgeons must precisely select the appropriate suture sizes, types, and surgical stitching techniques based on factors such as wound tension and tissue healing rate.

Peritoneal dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure. Before the treatment starts, your surgeon will put a catheter into your belly, preferably near your belly button. Once you are prepared for the dialysis, A fluid containing salt and different additives is passed into your abdomen via a catheter. This process essentially removes all the waste products from your blood by using the peritoneum layer in your abdomen.