Varicose veins of the great saphenous vein are the longest superficial subcutaneous veins in the body. They start from the dorsal vein of the foot on the inner side of the dorsum of the foot, ascend on the inner side of the lower limbs, and reach the groin. Varicose veins of the lower limbs mostly occur on the inner side of the calf. In severe cases, they can extend upward to the inner side of the thigh, and even the whole lower limbs can see varicose veins in a tortuous mass. Varicose veins of the lower limbs of these patients mainly occur in the great saphenous vein and its branches, so it is called great saphenous varicose veins.
External ventricular drainage (EVD) is a common neurosurgery procedure in which the front end of the drainage tube is placed in the ventricle after ventricular puncture through the skull or during open circuit surgery to drain the effusion in the ventricle out of the body. It is mainly used to treat ventricular hemorrhage, hydrocephalus and other intracranial diseases, especially acute obstructive hydrocephalus, intracerebral hemorrhage into the ventricle, ventricular hemorrhage and other neurosurgical emergencies. It plays an important role in relieving brain hernia, draining blood and reducing intracranial pressure for patients. However, since the ventricular drainage tube is connected to the outside world, intracranial infection may occur. Once intracranial infection occurs, it will seriously prolong the patient's hospitalization time, increase the patient's hospitalization expenses, and even increase the patient's mortality and disability rate.