Medical protective equipment are specialized equipment and materials used in healthcare settings to protect healthcare personnel and patients. Their primary purpose is to block the transmission of bacteria or viruses and prevent infection risks. These include commonly used items such as masks, gloves, goggles, and protective clothing. They serve as key physical barriers to ensure the safety of medical procedures.

Surgical staplers are medical devices designed for fast and precise closure of wounds or tissues during surgery. It operates similarly to a stapler, deploying multiple small metal staples at once to secure incision edges and promote tissue healing. The device typically consists of reusable or disposable components and is widely used in gastrointestinal surgeries, skin closures, and minimally invasive procedures.

Medical drainage is a clinical procedure involving the placement of specialized sterile devices into specific parts or cavities of the body to guide abnormal or potentially harmful fluids or gases out of the body.

Dental consumables refer to various disposable products used during dental diagnosis and treatment. These items serve the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and restoration processes of oral diseases. Typically, these materials and tools come into direct contact with the patient’s oral cavity or are involved in clinical operations, and are usually disposable or limited-use items. Common categories include filling materials, impression materials, gypsum model materials, adhesives, disinfectants, gloves, masks, needles, and small instruments. Dental consumables are an indispensable material foundation and essential guarantee for clinical work.

Peritoneal dialysis is a dialysis method that uses the patient's own peritoneum as a natural filtration membrane. Key advantages include suitability for home use, flexible scheduling, and reduced cardiovascular burden. Limitations include strict sterile technique requirements to prevent peritonitis and potential long-term loss of intraperitoneal proteins and glucose fluctuations. Indicated for patients with residual renal function (>5%), those wishing to maintain work/study flexibility, and those without significant abdominal surgical history or severe pulmonary disease.