The laryngeal mask airway (lma airway) emerged as a revolutionary supraglottic airway management technology. With its remarkable convenience, ease of learning, and relatively gentle operational characteristics, it quickly attracted wide attention and adoption in the medical community. Today, the laryngeal airway is not only a fundamental tool commonly used during anesthesia induction and maintenance but also plays a crucial role in outpatient short procedures, primary healthcare institutions, emergency departments for difficult airways, and pre-hospital transport. Whether as a first-line approach or a backup plan, choosing the appropriate lma airways type and size is essential to maximize its effectiveness.

When a patient regains sufficient spontaneous breathing capacity and no longer requires assisted ventilation through the tube, or when the tube itself shows aging cracks, severe obstruction from secretions that cannot be cleared, peristomal infection, or other related complications, removal of the tracheostomy tube becomes a necessary procedure. This must be carried out with extreme caution to protect the fragile artificial airway.

The core of tracheostomy care consists of a series of meticulous and continuous daily interventions, designed to provide both safety and comfort for patients who depend on a tracheostomy for breathing. The primary focus is to ensure the absolute patency of this vital airway—timely removal of airway secretions to guarantee smooth and unobstructed breathing. Nursing measures also rigorously prevent infection risks: from cleaning and disinfecting the stoma site to maintaining aseptic handling of all care instruments, each step aims to block the intrusion of harmful microorganisms. Proper fixation and secure positioning of the tracheostomy tube, preventing accidental displacement or removal, is another critical safeguard.

In simple terms, a tracheostomy is a surgical procedure performed in emergency or specific clinical settings to establish an artificial airway. Its core operation is making an incision in a defined area of the anterior tracheal wall at the neck, thereby creating a direct opening into the airway. The artificial channel formed by the procedure is called the stoma (sometimes also referred to as the tracheal opening or breathing hole), which serves as a new pathway for air to flow in and out of the lungs.

Maintaining unobstructed breathing is vital to sustaining life, and in many medical scenarios, tracheostomy tubes take on this crucial responsibility. This precisely designed conduit, serving as a bridge between the patient’s external environment and the lower airway, is not only standard medical equipment in hospital intensive care units (ICUs) but is also increasingly used in the complex context of long-term home care. Its stable placement establishes an artificial airway, directly connecting the patient’s respiratory function to life-support systems. For both frontline medical staff directly caring for patients and service providers or distribution partners responsible for equipment supply, a thorough understanding of the core features of tracheostomy tubes is essential.