Medical drainage is a clinical procedure involving the placement of specialized sterile devices into specific parts or cavities of the body to guide abnormal or potentially harmful fluids or gases out of the body.

Dental consumables refer to various disposable products used during dental diagnosis and treatment. These items serve the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and restoration processes of oral diseases. Typically, these materials and tools come into direct contact with the patient’s oral cavity or are involved in clinical operations, and are usually disposable or limited-use items. Common categories include filling materials, impression materials, gypsum model materials, adhesives, disinfectants, gloves, masks, needles, and small instruments. Dental consumables are an indispensable material foundation and essential guarantee for clinical work.

Peritoneal dialysis is a dialysis method that uses the patient's own peritoneum as a natural filtration membrane. Key advantages include suitability for home use, flexible scheduling, and reduced cardiovascular burden. Limitations include strict sterile technique requirements to prevent peritonitis and potential long-term loss of intraperitoneal proteins and glucose fluctuations. Indicated for patients with residual renal function (>5%), those wishing to maintain work/study flexibility, and those without significant abdominal surgical history or severe pulmonary disease.

Dialysis is a medical method mainly used to help the body filter out excess waste and fluid accumulated in the blood, especially when a person’s kidneys are not functioning properly. It acts as an artificial support system to help patients maintain normal health.

The fetal head aspirator is a medical device used for women with difficult labor during midwifery. It is a simple, effective and safe midwifery device that is often used to help the fetus be born.