Dental consumables refer to various disposable products used during dental diagnosis and treatment. These items serve the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and restoration processes of oral diseases. Typically, these materials and tools come into direct contact with the patient’s oral cavity or are involved in clinical operations, and are usually disposable or limited-use items. Common categories include filling materials, impression materials, gypsum model materials, adhesives, disinfectants, gloves, masks, needles, and small instruments. Dental consumables are an indispensable material foundation and essential guarantee for clinical work.

Peritoneal dialysis is a dialysis method that uses the patient's own peritoneum as a natural filtration membrane. Key advantages include suitability for home use, flexible scheduling, and reduced cardiovascular burden. Limitations include strict sterile technique requirements to prevent peritonitis and potential long-term loss of intraperitoneal proteins and glucose fluctuations. Indicated for patients with residual renal function (>5%), those wishing to maintain work/study flexibility, and those without significant abdominal surgical history or severe pulmonary disease.

Dialysis is a medical method mainly used to help the body filter out excess waste and fluid accumulated in the blood, especially when a person’s kidneys are not functioning properly. It acts as an artificial support system to help patients maintain normal health.

The fetal head aspirator is a medical device used for women with difficult labor during midwifery. It is a simple, effective and safe midwifery device that is often used to help the fetus be born.

An emergency medical device used when conventional intravenous access cannot be established. It allows doctors or healthcare professionals to directly infuse fluids or medications into the bone marrow. By utilizing the intraosseous vascular access within the bone by puncturing into the bone marrow cavity, allowing fluids to enter the circulatory system and enabling rapid resuscitation directly. This critical method is often employed in cardiac arrest, traumatic shock, or pediatric emergencies to quickly restore fluid and medication delivery.