Nephrostomy is a high-level urinary diversion method that has important uses in urology. Nephrostomy is a stand-alone surgery in itself, but is sometimes performed after other surgeries on the kidney, such as pyeloplasty. Nephrostomy is an emergency measure in cases of pyonephrosis. At present, due to the development of urological endoscopic technology, nephrostomy has evolved from solving the problem of renal pelvic drainage to percutaneous nephrostomy lithotripsy and stone removal. Through nephrostomy drainage, contrast examination can be performed during the treatment of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to determine The location of the stone, and the indwelling nephrostomy tube can make the gravel easily excreted from the body after ESWL treatment, prevent the stone from blocking the ureter, and can perform percutaneous nephrostomy lithotripsy again, becoming an auxiliary method in stone treatment.

High-Flux Hemodialysis (HF-HD) and Low-Flux Hemodialysis (LF-HD) are currently common dialysis treatments for patients with chronic renal failure and uremia, and both are in clinical application. There are certain differences. The purpose of this article is to conduct a clinical comparison of the dialysis effects of high-flux hemodialysis and low-flux hemodialysis in patients with chronic renal failure and uremia, in order to provide a reference for clinicians in selecting suitable dialysis treatment methods for patients.

Dialysis catheters are used to drain a patient's blood to a dialysis machine for processing, and then return the processed blood to the patient. Long-term catheter use may lead to a range of complications, including infection, blockage, skin damage, thrombosis, catheter migration, and catheter rupture. Infection is one of the most common complications of long-term catheterization. Dialysis catheter-related infections can be divided into: catheter outlet infections, catheter tunnel infections, and systemic infections.

Hemodialysis powder is used for patients with acute and chronic renal failure, uremia and acute drug poisoning who require dialysis. Hemodialysis is a method of treating kidney failure. It removes waste products and balances electrolytes in the body by taking the patient's blood out of the body, purifying it through a special filter, and then injecting it back into the patient's body. In the process of hemodialysis, hemodialysis powder plays an important role. It can effectively remove waste and excess fluid from the body, helping patients with renal insufficiency stay alive.

Heel blood lancet is used to collect blood samples from the baby's heel area.