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Views: 0 Author: Site Editor Publish Time: 2025-03-25 Origin: Site
Bipolar forceps are a type of medical surgical instrument primarily used for precise hemostasis and tissue electrocautery. Their name comes from the "bipolar" aspect—during operation, the current flows only between its two tips, without forming a circuit through other parts of the patient's body (unlike traditional monopolar electrosurgical instruments). They are widely used in microsurgery and delicate procedures.
Their core function is precise hemostasis, particularly suitable for the following scenarios:
· Neurosurgery: brain and spinal surgeries
· Otorhinolaryngology: endonasal procedures
· Plastic surgery: flap surgeries
· Ophthalmology, vascular surgery, and other delicate operations where extensive thermal injury must be avoided.
They can coagulate small blood vessels and, without damaging surrounding healthy tissue, seal blood vessels or excise pathological tissues.
Bipolar forceps work by releasing high-frequency electrical current through their two tips. When clamping tissue, this current generates localized heat, causing the coagulation of blood vessels or tissue proteins to achieve hemostasis.
Components:
Forceps Body: The main part made of metal (such as stainless steel), with an outer insulating layer (to prevent current leakage).
Forceps Tips: Conductive metal tips, usually silver-plated or coated with ceramic (to reduce tissue adhesion).
Handles: Designed with a grip to facilitate operation by the surgeon; some models include adjustment devices (such as pressure control).
Bipolar Forceps Cable: Connects to the high-frequency electrosurgical unit to transmit the current.
Additional Functions:
Irrigation system is irrigating bipolar forceps tips and prevents eschar adhesion;
Automatic power-off protection to prevent overheating damage.
Main Advantages of Bipolar Forceps
The current flows only between the forceps tips, precisely targeting the bleeding point and avoiding accidental damage to surrounding nerves or tissues.
The closed-loop current concentrates heat at the tip contact area, reducing heat diffusion to deeper or distant tissues and significantly lowering the burn risks associated with traditional monopolar electrosurgery.
Localized electrocautery reduces charring and eschar formation, leading to faster postoperative healing, especially suitable for fragile tissues.
There is no need for patient grounding, as no current flows through sensitive organs like the heart, thereby reducing risks of electric shock or arrhythmias.
High-frequency current rapidly coagulates the severed ends of blood vessels, achieving immediate hemostasis (especially in small vessels and capillaries) and shortening surgical time.
Widely applicable in neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology, gynecology, plastic surgery, ophthalmology, general surgery, etc., covering microscopic hemostasis, delicate dissection, organ repair, and various other scenarios.
Reduces the number of hemostatic steps and consumable usage, leading to fewer postoperative complications and a shorter patient recovery period.
Can be integrated with high-frequency electrosurgical units, endoscopic systems, and robotic surgery platforms, meeting the needs of minimally invasive procedures.
Advantages:
· Variety: Available in various models to suit different surgical needs.
· Quality: Made of durable materials with excellent thermal conductivity, suitable for precision operations.
Disadvantages:
· High Maintenance Cost: Requires strict cleaning and disinfection, a process that is cumbersome and prone to damage if mishandled.
· Long-Term Wear: Repeated use may lead to performance degradation, necessitating frequent replacement and increasing budget burdens.
· Cleaning/Disinfection: Relies on disinfection processes which, if delayed, can affect usage during urgent surgical procedures.
Advantages:
· Cost-Effective: Lower unit cost with no additional maintenance expenses.
· Wide Model Coverage: Basic designs are universal, suitable for most routine surgical scenarios.
· Convenience: Ready to use immediately, saving time during surgical transitions and reducing the risk of cross-contamination.
Disadvantages:
· Environmental Impact: Generates a large amount of medical waste, which conflicts with sustainable development principles.
· Performance Limitations: High-end, complex surgeries may require specific functions, and disposable options are limited in this regard.
Summary: Reusable models rely on a long-term quality control system and are suitable for high-frequency, high-precision scenarios; disposable models offer a quick and efficient advantage for basic or emergency needs, though environmental concerns require a balance between policy and cost.
Choose the tip shape (sharp or blunt) and size according to the tissue type and surgical requirements to ensure precise grasping while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
Adjust the power (typically 20-30W) according to the device guidelines, with real-time adjustments based on tissue thickness and moisture content to avoid excessive energy that might cause charring or perforation.
Apply minimal pressure to securely clamp the tissue, effectively sealing the blood vessels without excessive compression, which could lead to tearing or tissue necrosis.
Promptly clean the forceps tips and tissue surfaces of eschar and blood to ensure efficient current transmission and reduce adhesion and accidental burn risks.
Use intermittent activation (short bursts of current) to disperse heat generation, avoiding continuous high temperatures that may lead to thermal tissue damage or alteration of the forceps tips.
Apply force primarily with the wrist to avoid bending or misalignment of the instrument, which could affect both hemostasis and the lifespan of the device.
Observe the state of tissue contraction and hemostasis, and adjust the clamping position and energy parameters in real time to ensure a clear and controlled surgical field.
