Understanding Anesthesia

What is anesthesia?

Anesthesia is an auxiliary means for doctors to use some anesthetic drugs or special methods to make a part of the patient's body, or the whole body, temporarily lose all sensation, so as to help doctors to carry out surgical operations smoothly. Anesthesia is simply a method of quickly and effectively controlling the patient's pain. By temporarily suppressing the painful part and the state of consciousness, the pain suffered by the patient during the operation is relieved, which is convenient for doctors to perform surgery or diagnostic examinations. Through anesthesia, patients can reduce their pain, create a safe, stable and comfortable medical environment, and keep patients in a stable state, so as to effectively cooperate with doctors to carry out related surgical treatments and improve the quality, efficiency and level of the overall operation. Therefore, it can be said that anesthesia is from both the doctor and the patient, and serves the purpose of rapid diagnosis and treatment and eliminating the patient's pain.

Scope of anesthesia

1. Intensive care

Some patients with more serious conditions may have complications, such as metabolic and circulatory disorders. For such patients, professional personnel need to be arranged for monitoring and protection. The anesthesia profession can play its role in critical care monitoring and actively participate in it, and actively participate in nursing therapy and shock treatment.

2. Clinical anesthesia

First of all, clinical anesthesia involves pre-anesthesia treatment. Relevant personnel should understand the patient's condition and scientifically select anesthetic drugs. To relieve the patient's nervousness and ensure the smooth operation of clinical anesthesia, patients can be given analgesics, sedatives, etc.

Secondly, before anesthesia, patients need to be reminded in time to prohibit food intake to prevent vomiting during surgery caused by anesthesia. Once the patient is pushed into the operating room, anesthesia should be given. During the operation, medical staff should observe the patient's changes in time. If there are abnormalities, such as aspiration, vomiting, etc., they need to be dealt with in time.

Finally, after anesthesia, the patient should be sent directly to the intensive care unit and monitored and treated, usually until the patient recovers normal physiological functions. During the anesthesia process, the anesthesia personnel should keep records of the relevant anesthesia. If they encounter problems that they are hesitant about, they should discuss with their superiors or some experienced people as the basis for their subsequent work.

3. Pain treatment

During anesthesia, the anesthesia personnel should have a detailed understanding of the different analgesic methods of anesthesia and apply them to pain treatment in the ward or outpatient clinic. Since anesthesia involves a wide range of areas, anesthesiologists should master or be proficient in using different anesthesia methods, which can greatly facilitate subsequent surgery and diagnosis. By ensuring the smooth implementation of anesthesia, the normal operation of the surgery can be ensured, and the accuracy of diagnosis or examination can be greatly improved.

4. Emergency resuscitation

After surgical anesthesia, if the patient's heartbeat suddenly stops, the anesthesia or surgical staff will need to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation on the patient. Emergency resuscitation requires patients to have rich anesthesia theory and sufficient experience to ensure the success of emergency resuscitation.

What are the precautions for anesthesia?

1. Fasting and drinking before anesthesia. The main purpose of fasting and drinking before anesthesia is to fully empty the stomach and prevent nausea, vomiting, aspiration pneumonia, suffocation, etc. caused by aspiration of gastric contents during anesthesia. Generally, fasting starts 8-12 hours before surgery, and drinking water is prohibited from 4 hours.

For adults, if they are to receive general anesthesia or local deep sedation, they are usually required not to eat any solid food, including candy, chewing gum, etc., within 6 hours before surgery. Do not drink any liquids, including water, milk, juice, etc., within 2 hours before surgery. If there are special circumstances, such as diabetic patients needing to take insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs, you can drink a small amount of water under the guidance of a doctor.

For children, if they are to receive general anesthesia or local deep sedation, they are usually required not to eat any solid food, including candy, chewing gum, etc., within 4 hours before surgery.

Do not drink any liquids, including water, milk, juice, etc., within 2 hours before surgery. If there are special circumstances, such as the need to take certain medications, you can drink a small amount of water under the guidance of a doctor.

For infants and newborns, if they are to receive general anesthesia or local deep sedation, they are usually required not to feed any solid food or milk powder within 3 hours before surgery. Do not feed any liquids, including water, breast milk, etc., within 2 hours before surgery. If there are special circumstances, such as the need to take certain medications, you can feed a small amount of water under the guidance of a doctor.

2. Before anesthesia, you must do a physical examination, and check from blood, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiopulmonary function, etc., and do not carry out anesthesia if you cannot check in time. Patients must understand their physical condition before anesthesia. Anesthesiologists need to clarify whether various physical indicators meet the requirements of anesthesia, so that they can accept anesthesia quickly or better.

3. Maintain a happy and relaxed attitude, relax and don't be nervous. Many patients are more nervous when receiving anesthesia, which will more or less involve psychological impact. Anesthesia is not a simple behavior. It is a kind of mental and physical comfort based on the whole process of anesthesia. It is a means to reduce the pain of patients and successfully complete the operation. Patients do not need to be nervous or panic when receiving anesthesia. They must relax, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid anesthesia.

4. Drug and method selection. Before anesthesia, the anesthesiologist should reasonably design the anesthetic drugs and dosage according to the patient's basic condition and physical examination report, and select and improve the anesthesia method and form.

Who is more at risk of anesthesia?

1. Patients with serious diseases

Patients who have anesthesia accidents during surgery usually suffer from serious diseases. Due to their poor conditions and low resistance, they are likely to die from anesthesia during surgery. Therefore, patients with poor liver and kidney function such as diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, hepatitis, etc., due to their slow body metabolism, anesthetic drugs take a long time to work in their bodies, and often have more serious adverse reactions after surgery.

2. Patients who smoke and drink for a long time

Excessive smoking and drinking will cause different degrees of harm to the human body, so patients who smoke and drink for a long time are more likely to have anesthesia risks during surgical anesthesia. For patients who drink, their liver drug enzymes are strong, and the metabolism rate of alcohol and anesthetic drugs is fast. If you want to achieve a scientific depth of anesthesia, you have to use too many anesthetic drugs, which increases their anesthesia risk.

3. Young children

Because young children are in the development stage, their organs are not mature and do not have strong functionality, so the risk during anesthesia is higher than that of adults, and they belong to the high-risk group of anesthesia risks. The organs of young children are in the development stage, and the drug metabolism rate is slow. If the anesthesiologist does not scientifically control the dosage and concentration of the drug during anesthesia, there is a higher risk of anesthesia.

4. Elderly patients

For elderly patients, the functions of their organs are declining, and their metabolism of drugs is slow. During surgery, various accidents may occur due to anesthesia. Therefore, elderly patients are also a high-risk group for anesthesia risks.

Which type of anesthesia is safer?

There are two types of anesthesia: regional anesthesia and general anesthesia. Regional anesthesia is divided into surface anesthesia, local anesthesia, and nerve tissue anesthesia. General anesthesia is divided into intravenous anesthesia, inhalation anesthesia, and static combined anesthesia.

From the perspective of general anesthesia, the patient loses consciousness after receiving general anesthesia and is relatively comfortable during the operation. However, after waking up, the patient is very likely to have various adverse reactions, such as nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, complications such as aspiration, reflux, and aspiration pneumonia may occur.

From the perspective of local anesthesia, since local anesthesia only injects anesthetic drugs into certain areas of the patient to block the nerve conduction in the corresponding area, it will not affect the nerves of the patient's entire body, allowing the patient to undergo surgery in a conscious state without causing any damage to body tissues.

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